The International Copper Study Group (ICSG) released preliminary data for May 2019 world copper supply and demand in its August 2019 Copper Bulletin. The Bulletin and ICSG online statistical database provide detailed data, on a country basis, for copper mine, smelter, refined and semis production and copper refined usage, trade, stocks and prices.
The bulletin is available for sale (single issues €100/€150, annual subscription €500/€750 for orders originating from/outside institutions based in ICSG member countries). Preliminary data indicates that world mine production declined by about 1% in the first five month of 2019, with concentrate production declining by 0.2% and solvent extraction-electrowinning (SX-EW) by 3.5%:
- Reduced output in two major producing countries, namely Chile and Indonesia, more than offset growth in other countries.
- Production in Chile, the world’s biggest copper mine producing country, declined by 3% mainly due to lower copper head grades.
- Concentrate production in Indonesia declined by 55% as a consequence of the transition of the country’s major two mines to different ore zones leading to temporarily reduced output levels.
- After aggregated growth of 11% in 2018, production in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zambia remained essentially flat in the first five months of 2019 as temporary reduced production at some mines off-set ramp-up output at other operations.
- Production in Peru (the world’s second largest copper mine producing country), Australia, China and Mongolia increased due to improved grades and recovery from constrained output in 2018.
- On a regional basis, mine production is estimated to have increased by around 1% in Africa, 3.5% in North America and 7% in Oceania but declined by 4.5% in Asia, 1% in Latin America and 3% in Europe.
Preliminary data indicates that world refined production declined by about 1% in the first five month of 2019 with primary production (electrolytic and electrowinning) declining by 1.5% and secondary production (from scrap) increasing by 1%.The fall in world refined production was mainly due to:
- A 37% decrease in Chilean electrolytic refined output due to temporary smelter shutdowns whilst undergoing upgrades to comply with new environmental regulations. Total Chilean refined production (including Electrowinning) declined by 15%.
- A decline of 36% in India’s production which was negatively impacted by the shutdown of Vedanta’s Tuticorin smelter in April 2018.
- A 28% decrease in Zambian refined output due to power supply interruptions, smelter outages and the introduction on 1st January 2019 of a 5% custom duty on copper concentrate imports constraining smelter feed.
- Reduced output in Japan, Peru, the United States and a few European countries due to smelter maintenance shutdowns.
- However these reductions were largely offset by growth in Chinese output and by increases in other countries recovering from production constraints in 2018 such as Australia, Brazil, Iran and Poland.
- On a regional basis, refined output is estimated to have increased in Asia (2.5%) and in Oceania (15%) but declined in Africa (-9%), the Americas (-10%) and in Europe (-0.5%).
Preliminary data indicates that world apparent refined usage remained essentially unchanged in the first five months of 2019:
- Although Chinese net refined copper imports declined by 12%, Chinese apparent usage grew by around 3.5% on the basis of higher Chinese refinery output.
- Among other major copper users, demand increased in India and Taiwan (China) but declined in the EU, Japan and the United States.
- World ex-China usage declined by around 3%.
Preliminary world refined copper balance in the first five month of 2019 indicates a deficit of about 190,000 t:
- In developing its global market balance, ICSG uses an apparent demand calculation for China that does not take into account changes in unreported stocks [State Reserve Bureau (SRB), producer, consumer, merchant/trader, bonded]. To facilitate global market analysis, however, an additional line item—Refined World Balance Adjusted for Chinese Bonded Stock Changes – is included in the attached table that adjusts the world refined copper balance based on an average estimate of changes in unreported inventories provided by three consultants with expertise in China’s copper market.
- In the first five months of 2019, world refined copper balance, based on apparent Chinese usage (excluding unreported/bonded stocks), indicated a deficit of about 190,000 t.
- The world refined copper balance adjusted for changes in Chinese bonded stocks indicated a market deficit of around 95,000 t.
Copper Prices and Stocks
Based on the average of stock estimates provided by independent consultants, China’s bonded stocks are thought to have increased by about 95,000 t in the first five months of 2019 compared to the year-end 2018 level. Bonded stocks increased by around 5,000 t in the same period of 2018. As of the end of July, copper stocks held at the major metal exchanges (LME, COMEX, SHFE) totalled 472,956 t, an increase of 122,460 t (+35%) from stocks held at the end of December 2018. Stocks were up at the LME (+118%) and SHFE (+26%) and down at COMEX (-64%).The average LME cash price for July 2019 was US$ 5,939.85 /t, up 1.2% from the June average of US$ 5,868.43 /t. The 2019 high and low copper prices through the end of July were US$6,572 /t (on 1st Mar) and US$5,756 /t (on the 17th June), respectively, and the year average was US$6,129.40 /t (6% below the 2018 annual average).
Please visit the ICSG website for further copper market related information.
Source: International Copper Study Group (ICSG)